Buy/Sell on the levelsThis script is generally
My describe is:
There are a lot of levels we would like to buy some crypto.
When the price has crossed the level-line - we buy, but only if we have the permission in array(2)
When we have bought the crypto - we lose the permission for buy for now(till we will sell it on the next higher level)
When we sell some crypto(on the buying level + 1) we have the permission again.
There also are 2 protect indicators. We can buy if these indicators both green only(super trend and PIVOT )
Jun 12
Release Notes: Hello there,
Uncomment this section before use for real trade:
if array.get(price_to_sellBue, i) >= open and array.get(price_to_sellBue, i) <= close// and
//direction < 0 and permission_for_buy != 0
Here is my script.
In general - this is incredible simple script to use and understand.
First of all You can see this script working with only long orders, it means we going to get money if crypto grows only. Short orders we need to close the position on time.
In this script we buy crypto and sell with step 1% upper.
You can simply change the step by changing the price arrays.
Please note, if You want to see where the levels of this script is You Have to copy the next my indicator called LEVEL 1%
In general - if the price has across the price-level we buy some crypto and loose permission for buying for this level till we sell some crypto. There is ''count_of_orders" array field with value 2. When we bought some crypto the value turns to 0. 0 means not allowed to by on this level!!! The script buy if the bar is green only(last tick).
The script check every level(those we can see in "price_to_sellBue" array).
If the price across one of them - full script runs. After buying(if it possible) we check is there any crypto for sell on the level.
We check all levels below actual level( of actual level - ''i'' than we check all levels from 0 to i-1).
If there is any order that has value 0 in count of orders and index <= i-1 - we count it to var SELL amount and in the end of loop sell all of it.
Pay attention - it sells only if price across the level with red bar AND HAS ORDERS TO SELL WHICH WAS BOUGHT BELOW!!!
In Strategy tester it shows not-profitables orders sometimes, because if You have old Long position - it sells it first. First in - first out.
If the price goes down for a long time and You sell after 5 buys You sell the first of it with the highest value.
There is 2 protection from horrible buying in this strategy. The first one - Supertrend. If the supertrend is red - there is no permission for buy.
The second one - something between PIVOT and supertrend but with switcher.
If the price across last minimum - switcher is red - no permission for buy and the actual price becomes last minimum . The last maximum calculated for last 100 bars.
When the price across last maximum - switcher is green, we can buy. The last minimum calculation for last 100 bars, last maximum is actual price.
This two protections will save You from buying if price get crash down.
Enjoy my script.
Should You need the code or explanation, You have any ideas how to improve this crypt, contact me.
Vladyslav.
Jun 12
Release Notes: Here has been uncommented the protection for buy in case of price get down.
5 hours ago
Release Notes: Changed rages up to actual price to make it work
Cari dalam skrip untuk "Buy sell"
Patrones de entrada/salida V.1.0 -BETA-Este algoritmo intenta identificar patrones o fractales dentro de los movimientos de precios para dar señales de compra o venta de activos.
Buy&Sell Hollow CandlesThe Hollow Candles Script is a type of candlestick analysis script designed to highlight the following:
Purpose of the Script: This script provides the user with buy and sell signals based on candlesticks that show an upward or downward reversal.
Mechanism of the Script: When a hollow (unfilled) red candle appears, it signals a potential entry, provided that this candle is at a low point, following a series of red candles with higher volume than previous days. Similarly, it gives a sell signal when a green candle appears at a peak with high sell volume surpassing that of prior days. However, the appearance of these candles alone should not prompt an immediate buy or sell; you should wait for a confirming candle to validate the signal.
Sideways Movement Caution: If these signals appear during a sideways or flat trend, it is not advisable to proceed with buying or selling.
Chart Insights: The chart demonstrates certain buy and sell operations along with some non-ideal signals where decision-making should be based on fundamental analytical experience.
Buy Sell Volume SeparateDescription:
The script is designed to provide traders with a unique and comprehensive analysis of trading volume dynamics. Unlike existing scripts, the script offers a distinct advantage by presenting both buy and sell volumes on separate scales, simplifying trading decisions.
Key Features:
1. Dual Volume Scales: The script provides two separate volume scales, one for buy volumes and another for sell volumes. This separation allows to easily distinguish between buying and selling pressure, aiding in more precise trade entries and exits.
2. Clear and Intuitive Chart: The script ensures that the chart it generates is clean and easy to understand. The buy and sell volumes are color-coded for clarity, and you can quickly identify significant volume spikes and trends.
How to Use:
1. Adding the Script: To use the script, simply add it to your TradingView chart.
2. Interpreting Buy and Sell Volumes: On the chart, you will see two separate volume scales—one for buy volumes and one for sell volumes. Green bars represent buying pressure, while red bars indicate selling pressure. Pay attention to the relative strengths and patterns of these bars to gauge market sentiment.
3. Informed Trading Decisions: Armed with insights into both buy and sell volumes, you can make more informed trading decisions. Look for divergences, patterns, or significant volume spikes to identify potential entry and exit points.
Buy/Sell EMA CrossoverThe indicator identifies potential trading opportunities within the market. It is entirely based on the combination of exponential moving averages by drawing triangles on the chart that identify buy or sell signals combined with vertical bars that create areas of interest.
Specifically, when a buy signal occurs, the indicator draws a vertical bar with an azure background, indicating a possible buy area. Similarly, a sell signal is represented by a vertical bar with a fuchsia background, indicating a possible sell area.
These areas represent the main point of the indicator which uses exponential moving averages which, based on the direction of prices, identify the trend and color the background of the graph in order to visually highlight the predominant trend.
The green triangles above the bars of the chart suggest possible upside opportunities (good bullish entry points) when the 21 ema crosses the 200 ema.
While on the contrary the red triangles, 21 ema lower than the 200 ema, can indicate possible bearish trends (good bearish entry points).
While the white and purple triangles reveal moments of potential indecision or market change.
We can think of them as situations of uncertain trend in which it is possible to place a long or short order near some conditions that we are going to see.
The white triangles below, which are created when the 13 ema is higher than the 21 ema, indicate a possible bullish zone while the purple triangles above (13 ema lower than the 21) could suggest a bearish reflex
Colored lines represent moving averages blue = 200, 21= fuchsia and 13 = white. If the price is above the 200 period line then it could be a bullish opportunity, otherwise it could be a bearish one.
An interesting strategy to adopt is to evaluate, for example, the inputs near the vertical bars (azure - long) (fuchsia - short) when a white or purple triangle appears.
The more prominent green triangle indicates that the trend is going in a long direction.
On the contrary, the red (short) triangles are the opposite of the green ones and have the same importance as input logic.
The white triangle instead present more often inside the indicator identifies interesting buying areas of short duration, it is important to consider that the closer the triangles are to the vertical blue bars the stronger the entry signal.
Finally, the purple triangles are the short-term bearish trends whose entry near the fuchsia vertical bars defines a short.
Buy / Sell alert indicator [Crypto_BCT]Hello everyone!
I bring to your attention a indicator to determine the point of buy and sell purchase.
It is based on oscillators and a moving average.
It can be used to work with bots, for example 3COMMAS DCA bot.
Signal Condition Settings:
ATR
The current candle is larger than the ATR for this period
EMA
The signal is necessarily below (for buy) and above (for sell) the EMA of the specified period
(Buy) RSI low
The RSI index is below this value
(Sell) RSI High
The RSI index is higher than this value
(Buy) MFI low
The MFI index is below this value
(Sell) MFI High
The MFI index is higher than this value
(Buy) CCI low
CCI index is below this value
(Sell) CCI High
The CCI index is higher than this value
(Buy) Lowest bar from
The closing of the current bar is lower than the closing of the bars back in this range
(Sell) Highest bar from
The closing of the current bar is higher than the closing of bars in this range
(Buy) Lowest EMA bar ago
During a given distance back, the EMA value only decreased
(Sell) Highest EMA bar ago
At a given distance back, the EMA value only increased
I hope it will be useful!
Buy Sell Magic Rework📌 Purpose
This script is a reworked version of the Parabolic SAR strategy, with an optional ZigZag filter to confirm reversal points.
It helps traders identify potential trend reversals with reduced noise compared to the standard SAR.
🧠 How It Works
1. Parabolic SAR Flip Signals
Buy Signal: Triggered when SAR flips from above price to below price.
Sell Signal: Triggered when SAR flips from below price to above price.
(Default SAR parameters: Start = 0.02, Increment = 0.02, Max = 0.2)
2. ZigZag Filter (Optional)
When Use ZigZag Filter = true:
The script confirms reversals only at significant pivots (swing highs/lows) detected by the ZigZag algorithm over the selected ZigZag Period (default = 14 bars).
Buy Signal: Appears only when a new pivot low is detected.
Sell Signal: Appears only when a new pivot high is detected.
3. Trade-Off
Without ZigZag: More signals, more noise.
With ZigZag: Fewer signals, but stronger confirmation and reduced false entries.
📈 How to Use
Signals appear as green arrows for buy and red arrows for sell.
Works well for:
Trend reversal detection.
Swing trading confirmation.
Filtering entries for other systems.
Recommended Timeframes: 15m, 1h, 4h.
Markets: Forex, Crypto, Stocks.
⚙️ Inputs
ZigZag Period (bars for pivot detection)
SAR Start / Increment / Max (SAR parameters)
Use ZigZag Filter (toggle for confirmation)
⚠️ Disclaimer
This script is for educational purposes only. It does not constitute financial advice.
Always test thoroughly before live trading.
Buy/Sell Signals for CM_Williams_Vix_FixThis script in Pine Script is designed to create an indicator that generates buy and sell signals based on the Williams VIX Fix (WVF) indicator. Here’s a brief explanation of how this script works:
Main Components:
Williams VIX Fix (WVF) – This volatility indicator is calculated using the formula:
WVF
=
(
highest(close, pd)
−
low
highest(close, pd)
)
×
100
WVF=(
highest(close, pd)
highest(close, pd)−low
)×100
where highest(close, pd) represents the highest closing price over the period pd, and low represents the lowest price over the same period.
Bollinger Bands are used to determine levels of overbought and oversold conditions. They are constructed around the moving average (SMA) of the WVF value using standard deviation (SD).
Ranges based on percentiles help identify extreme levels of WVF values to spot entry and exit points.
Buy and sell signals are generated when the WVF crosses the Bollinger Bands lines or reaches the ranges based on percentiles.
Adjustable Parameters:
LookBack Period Standard Deviation High (pd): The lookback period for calculating the highest closing price.
Bolinger Band Length (bbl): The length of the period for constructing the Bollinger Bands.
Bollinger Band Standard Devaition Up (mult): The multiplier for the standard deviation used for the upper Bollinger Band.
Look Back Period Percentile High (lb): The lookback period for calculating maximum and minimum WVF values.
Highest Percentile (ph): The percentile threshold for determining the high level.
Lowest Percentile (pl): The percentile threshold for determining the low level.
Show High Range (hp): Option to display the range based on percentiles.
Show Standard Deviation Line (sd): Option to display the standard deviation line.
Signals:
Buy Signal: Generated when the WVF crosses above the lower Bollinger Band or falls below the lower boundary of the percentile-based range.
Sell Signal: Generated when the WVF crosses below the upper Bollinger Band or rises above the upper boundary of the percentile-based range.
These signals are displayed as triangles below or above the candles respectively.
Application:
The script can be used by traders to analyze market conditions and make buying or selling decisions based on volatility and price behavior.
Buying Selling Volume StrategyFirst I would like to give the original credit and thanks to @ceyhun for his amazing volume script.
The way I decided to convert it into a strategy is divided into multiple types.
First, I decided in order to smooth out the values and make it more accurate to adapt the values to multiple timeframes.
After that I took the initial values from the buyers and sellers , and made a rest operation between them to have a flat difference between the power of both sides.
WIth that later on I decided to to apply a volatility filter,in this case bollinger bands, in order to find out potential leading trends.
At the same time in order to filter even more, I decided to make use as well for weekly VWAP values of the asset used.
Lastly I added a dynamic risk management into it , based on the ATR Daily values of the asset values.
As for the rules used, for example for long, I am looking that the price of the asset is above the weekly VWAP, after that I am checking that the MTF volume rest operation is both bullish and above the upper side of the bollinger.
For short we would want the asset to be below the weekly VWAP, and the volume to be bearish and above the upper side of bollinger.
The exit is either based on daily ATR values multipliers, or if we have a reverse condition.
If you have any questions, please let me know !
SPXL Futures Strategy- Buy/sell signals for SPXL using futures momentum.
- For real-time signals at close, use ES1! on 2 minute chart and sign up for real-time cboe mini futures data feed in tradingview.
- All buys and sells are at near close of US RTH market at 4pm.
- Best to use the script with other breadth signals to decide on trading strategy.
- Script is compatible with SPY, SPXL, RSP, QQQ, TQQQ and many other SPX correlated tickers, however it’s primarily developed for SPX.
Buying/Selling ClimaxEnglish:
This indicator is designed for the stock market and marks potential buying or selling climaxes. If a "buying climax" or "selling climax" is marked, the probability is high that this price level will not be exceeded or undershot quickly. The indicator is used exclusively on the weekly time level.
Conditions for a "Buying Climax":
- New 52-week high
- The week closes in the loss "red week”
Alternative: The week closes below the opening price of the previous week
Conditions for a "Selling Climax":
- New 52-week low or crash (in the stock).
- The week closes in profit "green week”
- The 2 previous weeks are losing weeks
Alternative: The week closes above the opening price of the previous week
Deutsch:
Dieser Indikator ist für den Aktienmarkt ausgelegt und markiert potenzielle Kauf-/ bzw. Verkaufs-Höhepunkte. Wird ein „Buying-Climax“ bzw. „Selling-Climax“ markiert, ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit hoch, dass dieses Preisniveau nicht so schnell überschritten bzw. unterschritten wird. Der Indikator wird ausschließlich auf der wöchentlichen Zeitebene eingesetzt.
Bedingungen für einen „Buying Climax“:
- Neues 52-Wochen Hoch
- Die Woche schließt im Verlust „red week“
Alternative: Die Woche schließt unterhalb des Eröffnungspreises der Vorwoche
Bedingungen für einen „Selling Climax“:
- Neues 52-Wochen Tief oder Crash (in der Aktie)
- Die Woche schließt im Gewinn „green week“
- Die 2 Vorangegangenen Wochen sind Verlustwochen
Alternative: Die Woche schließt oberhalb des Eröffnungspreises der Vorwoche
BUY/SELL Moving Average StrategyThis script allows you to use 2 moving averages a slow and a fast MA (e.g. 200 & 50). You are able to define the length of both MA and you can change the moving average type: Simple Moving Average (SMA) or Exponential Moving Average (EMA). The script will plot a SELL signal if the slow MA crosses over the fast MA and it will plot a BUY signal if the slow MA crosses under the fast MA. You are also able to define alerts for the BUY & SELL signals.
Buy/sell EMA Crossover with 5 ema RibbonThe indicator has 2 indicators in 1, based all on customizable ema's. The main ema signal indicator is customizable for the length , at the ema crossover the indicator will plot the main (biggerarrow )buy or sell signal when the crossover happens and plot(smaller) directional arrows on all the following candles after the crossover, this helps with the visuals for the main trend. The 2nd indicator is a also customizable ema ribbon that will help in the trend direction.(ex: you can plot larger length ema's for better visual of the main on any timeframe. The indicator is designed for easy ema visuals with background trend color change, and color change on the main 2 ema crossover for easy detection of the price trend.
Buy/Sell Setup counter to 9For a buy setup: Any candle whose closing price is lower than the closing price four candles earlier.
For a sell setup: Any candle whose closing price is higher than the closing price four candles earlier.
The count starts at 1 as soon as a candle meets the condition and is increased by 1 for each additional matching candle.
Interruption: If a candle does not meet the condition, the counter is reset to 0 and restarts at the next matching signal.
A maximum of 9 is counted – this is the end of the setup.
In the chart, this number is displayed above (for sell) or below (for buy) the respective candle.
Buy/Sell Alert Strong Signals [TCMaster]This indicator combines Smoothed Moving Averages (SMMA), Stochastic Oscillator, and popular candlestick patterns (Engulfing, 3 Line Strike) to highlight potential trend reversal zones.
Main features:
4 SMMA lines (21, 50, 100, 200) for short-, medium-, and long-term trend analysis.
Trend Fill: Background shading when EMA(2) and SMMA(200) are aligned, visually confirming trend direction.
Stochastic Filter: Filters signals based on overbought/oversold conditions to help reduce noise.
Candlestick pattern recognition:
Bullish/Bearish Engulfing
Bullish/Bearish 3 Line Strike
Alerts for each pattern when Stochastic conditions are met.
⚠️ Note: This is a technical analysis tool. It does not guarantee accuracy and is not financial advice. Always combine with other analysis methods and practice proper risk management.
🛠 How to Use:
1. SMMA Settings
21 SMMA & 50 SMMA: Short- and medium-term trend tracking.
100 SMMA: Optional mid/long-term filter (toggle on/off).
200 SMMA: Major trend direction reference.
2. Trend Fill
EMA(2) > SMMA(200): Background shaded green (uptrend bias).
EMA(2) < SMMA(200): Background shaded red (downtrend bias).
Can be enabled/disabled in settings.
3. Stochastic Filter
K Length, D Smoothing, Smooth K: Adjust sensitivity.
Overbought & Oversold: Default 80 / 20 thresholds.
Buy signals only valid if Stochastic is oversold.
Sell signals only valid if Stochastic is overbought.
4. Candlestick Patterns
3 Line Strike:
Bullish: Three consecutive bullish candles followed by one bearish candle closing below the previous, with potential reversal.
Bearish: Three consecutive bearish candles followed by one bullish candle closing above the previous, with potential reversal.
Engulfing:
Bullish: Green candle fully engulfs the prior red candle body.
Bearish: Red candle fully engulfs the prior green candle body.
5. Alerts
Alerts available for each pattern when Stochastic conditions are met.
Example: "Bullish Engulfing + Stochastic confirm".
📌 Important Notes
Do not use this indicator as the sole basis for trading decisions.
Test on a demo account before applying to live trades.
Combine with multi-timeframe analysis, volume, and proper position sizing.
Buy and Sell Signals Based on SMI {K28}Buy/Sell Signals Based on SMI
This indicator provides buy and sell signals based on the Stochastic Momentum Index (SMI) to assist traders in identifying potential entry and exit points in the market. Here’s how to effectively use this indicator:
Usage Instructions:
Signal Interpretation:
No signal is 100% guaranteed
Green Labels: Indicate strong buy signals when the SMI crosses above its EMA, especially if the candle is green (closing price higher than opening price).
Red Labels: Indicate strong sell signals when the SMI crosses below its EMA.
Cautious Signals:
Blue Buy Labels: These buy signals appear when the SMI is in a cautious zone (between -20 and 20). They may not be as reliable, so confirm these signals with other indicators before acting.
Yellow Sell Labels: These buy signals appear when the SMI is in a cautious zone (between -20 and 20). They may not be as reliable, so confirm these signals with other indicators before acting.
Gray Buy and Sell Labels: Indicate potential false signals (when the SMI is overbought or oversold). Use other confirmation indicators to verify these signals.
Trade Strategy:
This indicator is designed for traders looking to make small, consistent profits. Focus on executing more trades rather than waiting for larger price movements.
Be mindful that the indicator may yield frequent signals, so it's essential to maintain discipline and only take trades that meet your criteria for confirmation.
Important Notes:
Caution with Signals: Always exercise caution when acting on blue or gray labels. These may indicate less reliable signals, so it's crucial to confirm with additional indicators.
No Perfect Indicator: Please remember that no trading indicator is perfect. Use this indicator at your own risk, and consider incorporating risk management strategies into your trading plan.
Conclusion:
By employing this SMI indicator, you can enhance your trading strategy focused on generating small, consistent profits through frequent trades. However, always verify signals and stay aware of market conditions to optimize your trading performance.
Buy/Sell BoxThis indicator tries to identify the points where the price exceeds or falls below a rectangle based on the opening and closing prices of the previous period, the creation of the boxes occurs when a doji is detected therefore it will calculate the coordinates of the rectangle that will be drawn around it, therefore the indicator offers buy or sell signals based on this logic. Specifically, the buy signal is generated if the closing price is above the top of the rectangle and satisfies some previous price conditions while the sell signal is generated if the closing price is below the bottom of the rectangle and satisfies some conditions of previous prices within a further threshold based on the Ema 150.
Lines are then drawn on the graph to visually display the extreme price levels, which can be useful for any confirmation of buy and sell signals, Stop Loss and Take Profit, Trend Filter (to visually understand if the trend is bullish or bearish)
A potentially effective trading strategy could involve identifying buy and sell signals near the extreme price level lines drawn by the indicator. This approach can be used to try to improve the accuracy of your trading signals and make more informed decisions. For example:
When you receive a buy or sell signal based on the dojis and rectangles generated by the indicator, check whether the price is also near one of the extreme price level lines. If you are receiving a buy signal and notice that the current price is near a low of the lower level line, this may further confirm the buying opportunity, as the price is near a significant resistance level. On the contrary, if the sell signal was close to a maximum price level it could confirm an excellent short entry.
It is also possible to use the boxes as reference points to set the stop loss and take profit levels. If you are entering a buy position, you might consider setting your stop loss just below an upper line of the last box. Additionally, you may want to set your take profit near a higher price level if you are looking to maximize profits. This will help manage risks and protect your capital.
BUY/SELL on the levels onlyMy discribe is:
There ara a lot of levels we would like to buy some crypto.
When the price has acrossed the level-line - we buy, but only if we have the permission in array(2)
When we have bought the crypto - we lose the permission for buy for now(till we will sell it on the next hiegher level)
When we sell some crypto(on the buying level + 1) we have the permission again.
There also are 2 protect indicators. We can buy if these indicators both green only(supertrend and PIVOT)
Buy/Sell StratThis strategy will produce a buy or sell signal when the following criteria are met:
9 EMA crosses 21 EMA
Recently closed candlestick has 15% higher average volume than previous 5 candles
A candlestick reversal pattern
Price crosses 9 EMA
Feel free to use and modify as you see fit. Happy trading!
Buy/Sell Volume Totals for PeriodThis indicator can be used to help you tell the difference between Wyckoff Accumulation and Distribution.
The idea is to add up all the Buy Volume and all the Sell Volume separately from the beginning of the Trading Range (TR) for each candle. You can define the Start and End dates in the settings of the indicator.
The indicator will show you 3 numbers of interest:
GREEN = Total Buy Volume from beginning of date range
RED = Total Sell Volume from beginning of date range
YELLOW = Ratio of Total Buy / Total Sell Volume from beginning of date range
When the Total Buy Volume exceeds the Total Sell Volume in the TR, the indicator will color the background in GREEN color, to indicate possible accumulation. Otherwise the background will be RED, to indicate possible distribution.
You can float your cursor over any candle to see the current Volume Totals at that candle from the beginning of the TR (set by you in settings to a specific date).
Here's a few examples of the indicator in action:
1) Accumulation
2) Distribution
3) Possible Re-distribution
Please note that this indicator is meant to be used in combination with other analysis techniques from the Wyckoff Methodology!
Buy/Sell Volume CalculatorThis script is calculating difference between buy and sell orders, realtime when the candle is build, using the accessible data.
Since we do not know how many stocks every single trade is executing, It only can use number of trades, showing how many trades resulting in price raising or lowering.
But it seems to be pretty god anyway.
The script is supposed to be a fine tuning when a trade is running, and early signals is needed.
When the green candle is larger than the red, price is supposed to rice, and the other way around when the red candle is larger the the green.
It calculate ONLY realtime. When starting the script there is no data, until candlesticks is builded.
Buy/Sell/Hold/Away? This script based on Simple Moving Average and Exponential Moving Average.
The Red Line is an exponential moving average with small length. It act as a main line.
The Black Line is an average of some past data of exponential moving average. Act as Trend Line
The green circles is an exponential moving average with medium length. It act as a signal line.
The Idea is, when the price move higher from it past,past,past, repeatedly in some duration, it will gain enough energy to fly to the highest.
Buy signal when red line cross down green circle. strong buy when red line cross down black line.
Sell signal when red line cross down green circle. strong buy when red line cross down black line.
Additional 1:
Triangle up(blue) indicate Buy Signal. it happen when the price break resistant with some condition and volume>1m
Triangle down(maroon) indicate Sell Signal. it happen when the price break support with some condition and volume>1m
The more triangle show in series, the strong the trend to move accordingly.
Additional 2:
Support and Resistance line.
Hope Benefit To You All.
Buy/Sell Reversal Indicator, Lane CritchellThis indicator essentially just finds reversal points on the graph, and labels them buy. Currently working on sell/close trade alerts. Strategy I have used a little bit with some success is entering a trade when it says buy, taking profit at 1% and setting a stop loss at 0.5%. On the 1 hour timeframe I do (still looking into backtesting to see accuracy of other timeframes.
